In an automatic musical instrument (especially a piano orchestrion) an effect obtained by alternately striking two small beaters to the left and right of the larger bass drum beater on a bass drum head. The term, which should be "kettle drum effect," as no separate drum is used, is found widely in orchestrion literature-nearly all of Seeburg’s descriptions of large orchestrions and photoplayers, for example. * Synonyms: tympani, timpani.

Device mainly used on fairground organs and dance organs but used on many other types of instruments as well. Contains a series of spring-loaded brass or steel levers. When one end of a lever pops up through a hole in a cardboard music book (also listed in this Glossary), the other end of the lever or key opens an aperture which actuates a pneumatic action. The folding cardboard music book is pulled through the key frame by rubber pinch rollers. A durable system capable of withstanding rugged use; one which is resistant to humidity changes. For these reasons most very large fairground organs and dance organs of European manufacture use the key frame system. (Compare to keyless frame.)

A cylinder music box, usually of the early or mid 19th century, in which the mainspring is wound by a detachable key (as opposed to lever-wind, also listed in this Glossary). Late cylinder boxes with more powerful spring motors, which are wound externally, usually use a crank rather than a key, and thus are not key-wind boxes.